Symptoms

• Localised lower back pain or soreness

• Muscle tightness or stiffness

• Pain with movement (bending, lifting, twisting)

• Reduced mobility or difficulty with daily activities

Treatment

• Physiotherapy to reduce pain and restore movement

• Targeted exercises to strengthen back and core muscles

• Gradual return to activity with proper load management

• Advice on posture and movement to prevent recurrence

• A spinal condition in which the “cushion” between each vertebrae protrudes backwards, potentially irritating nearby nerves in the lower back.

• Symptoms

  • Sharp or persistent lower back pain

  • Radiating pain down the leg (sciatica)

  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the leg

  • Pain worsens with sitting, bending, or lifting

  Treatment

  • Physiotherapy to reduce nerve irritation and improve movement

  • Exercises to strengthen the core and support the spine

  • Posture and movement correction to reduce strain

  • Further assessment if symptoms persist or neurological signs worsen

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• Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition where one vertebra slips forward or backward in relation to the vertebra below it. This displacement can cause lower back pain and/or nerve compression.

• Spondylolysis is a condition characterized by a stress fracture or defect in one of the vertebrae, typically in the lower back. It can lead to chronic back pain.

Symptoms

• Persistent lower back pain or stiffness

• Pain that worsens with standing, walking, or extension

• Tightness in the hamstrings or reduced flexibility

• In some cases, nerve symptoms (e.g. tingling, weakness, or leg pain)

Treatment

• Physiotherapy to improve spinal stability and reduce strain

• Core strengthening to support the lower back

• Movement and posture correction to manage load on the spine

• Further assessment if pain persists or nerve symptoms develop

• A medical term used to describe the compression or irritation of the spinal nerves in the lower back (lumbar region).

• Symptoms

  • Radiating pain from the lower back into the leg (nerve pain)

  • Numbness, tingling, or “pins and needles” sensation

  • Muscle weakness in the leg or foot

  • Pain worsens with sitting, bending, or prolonged activity

  Treatment

  • Physiotherapy to reduce nerve irritation and restore movement

  • Exercises to improve spinal mobility and core support

  • Posture and movement correction to reduce nerve compression

  • Further assessment if symptoms persist or neurological signs worsen

• Common causes include lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, or degenerative disc disease.

• The inflammation of one or both of the sacroiliac joints, which connect the sacrum (the triangular bone at the base of the spine) to the ilium (the large pelvic bone). It often results in lower back and buttock pain.

Symptoms

• Lower back or buttock pain (often on one side)

• Pain that worsens with prolonged standing or walking

• Stiffness, especially after rest or in the morning

• Discomfort when transitioning from sitting to standing

Treatment

• Physiotherapy to reduce inflammation and improve joint mobility

• Strengthening of the core and pelvic stabilising muscles

• Movement and posture correction to reduce stress on the joint

• Further assessment if pain persists or affects daily function

• An abnormal curvature of the spine, that can be classified into several types based on various factors, including the cause, age of onset, and the shape of the curvature.

Symptoms

• Visible curvature of the spine or uneven shoulders/hips

• Back pain or muscle fatigue (especially with prolonged activity)

• Postural imbalance or asymmetry

• In more severe cases, reduced mobility or discomfort with movement

Treatment

• Physiotherapy to improve posture, strength, and spinal control

• Targeted exercises to support the spine and reduce strain

• Monitoring of curvature progression where necessary

• Further assessment for moderate to severe cases

Symptoms

• Post-surgical pain, stiffness, or reduced mobility

• Weakness in the back or legs

• Difficulty returning to daily activities (sitting, walking, lifting)

• Fear of movement or re-injury after surgery

Treatment

• Structured physiotherapy to restore movement and function

• Gradual strengthening of the core and spinal support muscles

• Guided return to daily activities and work

• Individualised rehab following procedures such as:

  • Lumbar Discectomy & Annuloplasty

  • Lumbar Laminectomy

  • Lumbar Fusion

  • Lumbar Decompression Surgery